Can I change my last name as part of my divorce?

What's my name?

What’s my name?

 

As part of a divorce, one thing women may request is permission to change their last name.  In those cases where the one spouse has assumed the surname of their now ex-spouse, dropping his last name can be a cathartic move.  This post will outline the process of seeking a name change in a New Jersey Divorce.

Can I change my last name after my divorce?

The simple answer is “Yes”.  Asking the court to authorize a change in your surname is one form of relief a litigant in a NJ divorce case can request.  It is important to note that you cannot force or require the other party to change their name as they are not required to do so.  The choice lies with the individual who changed his or her name.

Procedurally, this request should be contained in the Complaint for Divorce.  Most importantly, it should be contained in the Final Judgment of Divorce and the Settlement Agreement.  Having the name change established in a court order will streamline the process of changing your name with DMV, Social Security, and any other agency you may need to work with in order to effectuate the change.

 

Do I have to go back to my birth name?

While most people choose to go back to their birth name, doing so is not the only option.  I have seen situations where the party wanted to re-assume the name from a prior marriage.  Interestingly, when seeking a name change you ar NOT required to assume any of your former names.  You can choose any last name you want! Start your post-divorce life with a brand new name!

 

What are the legal requirements to change my name?

The requirements are straightforward and make sense.  Whether testimony on the following points is offered in person at the final hearing or contained in a certification, the court will want to know:

  1. Your current surname
  2. The surname you wish to adopt
  3. Your social security number (generally just the last 4 digits)
  4. The reasons you want to change your name

As for the reasons, the focus is that you are seeking the name change for personal reasons and not in an effort to avoid creditors or criminal charges.  Assuming the request is being made in good faith and for personal reasons, the court will grant the request.  Remember, that the name change request typically only pertains to the spouse.  If a parent decides to change his or her last name as part of the divorce, it does not automatically allow for the last names of any children of the marriage to be changed.  There is a process by which the last names of children can be changed, it is much more involved and by no means automatic.

 

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My spouse and I would like to use you for our divorce. Can we do that?

Every now and then I’ll get a call from a prospective client who inquires as to whether or not I can represent both the husband and wife.  As an attorney, I cannot represent both parties in a divorce.

As an attorney, my professional and ethical obligation is to my client.  Remember, the American justice system is an adversarial process.  By design, each side to a dispute has the opportunity to argue their case, present their facts, and seek their justice.  I cannot take action that is adverse to the interests of my client.  It is this responsibility that makes it impossible for one attorney to properly represent the interests of both spouses in a New Jersey divorce.  Any action I recomend on behalf of one party would most likely be adverse to the other side.

When consulting with prospective divorce attorneys, don’t fall for one who claims to be able to represent both of you.  While the majority of my colleagues are ethical and practice in compliance with the court rules and ethics rules, there are those who don’t.  If the attorney you are meeting with is willing to break the rules (or equally as bad, doesn’t know the rules) at yur first meeting, you will surley experience additional problems down the road.

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Why I choose to be a divorce attorney.

Being a divorce attorney can be a frustrating line of work.  It is fraught with practical, emotional, and financial challenges.  Sometimes the “system” just doesn’t work the way it should.  There are times when it is not possible to achieve a client’s goals and that can be disappointing for both the client and me.

With all that being said, it is still an incredibly rewarding areas of the law in which to work. Kind works such as these from my former client, John LeMasney, make it all worth while.

“Sandy is a kind, thoughtful, and thorough counsel in matters like the one I mentioned. Highly recommended to anyone suffering through divorce in NJ. Highly highly highly. Thank you for the relief, and Merry Christmas.”

I offer his comments not to pat myself on the back, but with the hope that others going through the pain of divorce can take comfort in the fact that there is relief, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Thank you, John, for your kind words and thank you to all my clients who have trusted me with being their attorney over the years.  It is a privilege to work for you.

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I was served with a Complaint for Divorce: now what?

The range of emotions someone experiences when served with a Complaint for Divorce are varied. Some are shocked. many are angered.  Confusion is common and I’ve even had some clients confess they were relieved.  Regardless of your emotional response, a legal response is necessary.
Don’t ignore the Complaint and hope it goes away

If you were served directly, you probably signed for the paperwork.  The date you signed for the Complaint is of critical importance.  The clock is now running.  Under the New Jersey Rules of Court, you have 35 days in which to prepare and file your response to the Complaint.  Typically, that response takes the form of an Answer or an Answer and Counter Claim.  You can prepare these documents on your own or you an hire an attorney.

We generally have a tendencey to ignore bad news and hope it goes away.  While certainly understanable, such an approach can lead to disaterous consequences in your divorce.  And here’s how.
Being held in default

If the parrt who filed the Complaint can establish that you were properly served with the Complaint, are not on active duty with the military AND the thirty five day period for you to respond to the complaint has expired, he or she can request the court to find you in default.
What does it mean to be held in default?

The system works best when both parties are involved in the process.  However, the filing party also has a  right to obtain a divorce.  Being held in default removes your right to particiapte in the proceedings.  You may not get a say in how your divorce is finalized.  You cannot prevent a divorce from happening by failing to respond in a timely manner.  You are only hurting yourself.  The court rules prescribe a detailed procedure the plaintiff must follow in order to proceed on a default basis.  But if these requirements our met, the case will be concluded and your rights and finances will be greatly impacted. As the old saying goes, he or she who hesitates is lost.
What can i do to prevent a default from taking place?

As discussed above, the first, and best, way to avoid being held in default is to properly respond to the Complaint within 35 days of receiving it.

If you have not complied with the initial 35 day filing deadline, you must act quickly to preserve your rights.  An attorney can be helpful in this regard.  Steps to take include: requesting additioanl time to answer, filing a objection to the reqeust to enter default, and/or appearing at any scheduled court dates to  note your objection and reqeust permission to participate in the divorce process.
The Durst Firm can help

If you find yourself in default, consider consulting with an experienced divorce attoreny immediatley as time is of the essence.  The Durst Firm has the expeience to deal with these situations.  Don’t let inaction impact your future.

 

The Law

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Knowledge is power: Understanding common legal terms for NJ family law

Employment LawUseful terms for your NJ Family Law Case

 

The saying “knowledge is power” is relevant to New Jersey Family Law.  At The Durst Firm, we believe that educating our clients allows them the better engage in the proceedings, better understand what is happening with their case, and better assist us as their attorney in achieving an optimal result.

 

As attorneys, we too easily forget that we often speak in “legalese” and use terms that are not familiar to many.  To help reduce the confusion, we offer the following list of commonly used terms.

Arrears: Arrears are unpaid or overdue child support, alimony, or spousal support payments.

Application: An application is written request in which you ask the court to issue an order or to change an order that has already been issued.

Certification: A certification is a written statement made to the court when you file papers with the court, swearing that the information contained in the field papers is true.

Child Support Number (also referred to as “CS Number”): The Child Support Number is the identifying number assigned to your child, spousal, or alimony support case.

Complaint: A complaint is a formal document filed in court that starts a case. It typically included the names of the parties and the issues you are asking the court to decide.

Court Order: A court order is the written decision issued by court of law. For example, a child support order sets forth how often, how much, and what kind of support is to be paid.

Docket Number: The docket number is the identifying number assigned to every case filed in the court.

Exhibits: Exhibits are written documents you provide to the court to support what you want the court to decide.

Income Withholding/Wage Garnishment: Income Withholding/Wage Garnishment is a process where automatic deductions are made from wages or other income to pay your support obligation. Income withholding has been mandatory since the enactment of the Family Support Act of 1988.

New Jersey Child Support Guidelines: Both parents are responsible for financial and emotional support of their children. New Jersey has developed a standard method for calculating child support based on the income of both parents and other factors. The full set of NJ Child Support Guidelines is contained in Rule 5:6A of the New Jersey Court Rules.

Obligor/Payor: An obligor/payor is the person ordered by the court to pay support also known as the non-custodial parent (NCP).

Obligee/Payee: An obligee/payee is the person, agency, or institution who receives support, also known as the custodial parent (CP).

Petitioner: Petitioner is another name for the person starting the court action by filing the appropriate papers the court will consider.

Respondent: Respondent is another name for the person who is named as the other party in the court action filed by the petitioner. This person can answer the filed by petitioner by filing a cross motion or written response with the court.

Relief: To ask for relief is to ask the court to grant something such as custody, parenting time, or support.

Support Obligation: Support Obligation is the amount of support that the court orders the obligor to pay. The court order includes how much and how often support has to be paid. (i.e., per week, per month, bi-weekly, etc.).

Support Enforcement: The Probation Division is required to enforce court orders that call for the payment of child support, health care coverage, and/or spousal support/alimony. If support is not being paid timely, Probation Support Enforcement has many state and federal tools available to enforce child support orders. These can include, but are not limited to:

  • Income withholding
  • Court hearing
  • Bench warrant
  • Tax offset- federal and state
  • Judgement (liens attached to property & assets)
  • Credit bureau notification
  • Financial Institution Data Match (FIDM)- seizure of bank accounts
  • Child Support Lien Network (CSLN)- seizure of proceeds from law suits
  • Passport denial
  • License suspension
  • Lottery interception
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